The article investigates the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract against hypoxia-induced endothelial damage by modulating the AMPK and ERK signaling pathways, which play critical roles in cellular energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response, and survival. Activation of the AMPK pathway enhances cellular energy production and autophagy, while regulation of the ERK pathway contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, and protection against apoptosis, collectively improving endothelial function and resilience under hypoxic conditions.