The review article titled “Traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.” provides a comprehensive overview of this traditional Chinese medicinal plant, commonly known as He Shou Wu. The authors discuss its traditional applications, including anti-aging and hair-darkening effects, and delve into its phytochemical constituents such as stilbenes, quinones, and flavonoids. The article also examines the pharmacological activities of these compounds, highlighting both therapeutic potential and associated toxicities, particularly hepatotoxicity linked to certain quinones like emodin.